The Type 86 is a Chinese infantry fighting vehicle developed as a reverse-engineered version of the Soviet BMP-1. It entered service in the early 1990s and has since evolved into multiple variants, including models equipped with different armaments such as a 73 mm gun, a 30 mm autocannon, and anti-tank missiles.
It is recognized for its combination of tracked mobility, firepower, and troop-carrying capability, making it a key asset in mechanized infantry operations. The design reflects China’s adaptation of foreign military technology to fit its specific tactical needs and production capabilities.
As a platform, the Type 86 demonstrates China’s approach to blending proven Soviet designs with domestic modifications. Its use both within China and for export markets highlights its significance in armored vehicle development.
Overview of Type 86
Type 86 is a customs entry designation designed to streamline the import process for certain low-value shipments to the United States. It applies to shipments that exceed typical de minimis limits but remain under specific value thresholds, allowing faster clearance with specific requirements. Variations in process and eligibility reflect changes in U.S. customs regulations.
Historical Background
Type 86 originated as part of an effort by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to facilitate faster clearance for low-value international shipments, especially from e-commerce. Initially, it was a voluntary alternative to the traditional entry process, expanding beyond the standard de minimis threshold of $800 per person per day.
This entry type became vital as cross-border e-commerce grew, allowing regulated goods that previously did not qualify under Section 321 de minimis to enter under simplified procedures. However, as of April 2025, new regulations eliminated the duty-free treatment under de minimis for many shipments, influencing how Type 86 is applied today.
Main Features and Specifications
Type 86 entry applies primarily to shipments under $800 in value per person per day. It enables the import of certain regulated goods, which otherwise would require formal entry procedures. The process offers faster release from customs with reduced paperwork compared to formal entries.
Key features include:
- Eligibility for shipments that exceed de minimis value limits but remain low value
- Use of an informal entry process to expedite clearance
- Requirements for Importer of Record (IOR) identification
- Streamlined handling for e-commerce shipments and small parcels
The Type 86 process requires compliance with CBP guidelines, including proper documentation and classification. It reduces the customs burden while maintaining regulatory oversight, especially for international sellers shipping directly to U.S. consumers.
Variants and Models
There are different implementations of the Type 86 process depending on shipment characteristics and CBP program participation. Some variants focus on specific types of goods or trade agreements, such as those related to manufacturing in Mexico or goods qualifying under modified de minimis rules.
Models of Type 86 entries may include:
- Voluntary pilot programs to test streamlined clearance
- Entries processed through customs brokers specializing in low-value shipments
- Adjusted frameworks reflecting recent policy changes eliminating certain duty exemptions
Businesses often choose a variant based on speed, cost efficiency, and regulatory compliance needs, adapting to evolving customs procedures and U.S. import law updates.
Applications and Impact
The Type 86 has been utilized in various military roles and influenced defense technology development beyond its country of origin. Its design and performance have shaped tactical approaches and equipment standards where deployed.
Military and Defense Usage
The Type 86 functions primarily as a 100mm towed anti-tank gun, developed in the late 1980s. It uses high-pressure smoothbore gun technology, enabling it to penetrate the frontal armor of tanks like the T-72 at distances up to 2,000 meters.
Its carriage is based on earlier models, ensuring mobility and ease of deployment. The gun’s semi-automatic breech and multi-baffle muzzle brake improve firing efficiency and recoil management.
Military forces have employed the Type 86 for direct fire support against armored vehicles. Its ability to engage modern main battle tanks increased its tactical value during the period following its introduction.
Global Influence and Legacy
The Type 86 influenced anti-tank gun design, particularly in developing countries that adopted or copied its technology. Its manufacturing, based on Soviet-era designs, bridged older and modern artillery concepts.
As a standard in various armed forces, it contributed to global arms development trends during the late 20th century. The gun’s effectiveness against evolving armored threats pushed improvements in anti-armor weapons worldwide.
Export and adaptation have extended Type 86 variants beyond its origin, impacting regional defense balances. Its technical features inspired subsequent models focusing on improved armor penetration and mobility.
